The wonderful dynamips emulator along with it's front-end dynagen allows us to relive the excitement of connecting remote machines speaking Digital Equipment Corporation's DECnet networking protocol over the internet using Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) and Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation (mGRE) tunnels.
I recently deployed a few dynamips-emulated instances of Cisco's venerable 7204VXR router and set up GRE and mGRE tunnels between them to route DECnet and AppleTalk as their passengers. This is a description of how I went about setting up one of those Cisco 7204VXR routers, and configured it as a GRE tunnel end-point. These routers implement the IP (internet protocol), DECnet and classic AppleTalk (Phase-1 and Phase-2) natively, and are a logical extension of my experiments with various classic computers and networking protocols collectively referred to as SANYALnet Labs.
At the time of writing, I have a GRE tunnel from my home to a VPS in Canada, and a second GRE tunnel from my home to a HECnet area router in Perth, Australia. The setup described in this post was performed on the VPS in Canada, running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.
Not being a great GUI fan, I prefer the Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System) command line over graphical tools like GNS3.
Preparing Ubuntu Linux & UFW Firewall for GRE Protocol Support
Ubuntu Packages
Some of the packages I remember installing are dynamips, dynagen, bridge-utils, uml-utilities, ipcalc, vde2, wireshark, tshark.
Enable kernel support for GRE
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) uses IANA-registered IP Protocol 47. (A surprisingly large number of people confuse GRE/IP Protocol 47 withTCP/IP or UDP/IP Port 47.)Since Microsoft's "PPTP" VPN implementation also uses GRE and is infamously insecure (no fault of GRE!), Ubuntu does not ship with support for GRE enabled. However, at least on Ubuntu 14.04, enabling GRE support is trivial. To load in GRE protocol support into the kernel, activate the nf_conntrack_pptp module using
# modprobe nf_conntrack_pptp
To load the module automatically at boot time, edit /etc/modules and add the line
nf_conntrack_pptp
To check the module is active:
$ lsmod | egrep "pptp|gre"
which should produce something like:
nf_conntrack_pptp 20480 0
nf_conntrack_proto_gre 16384 1 nf_conntrack_pptp
nf_conntrack 102400 6 nf_conntrack_proto_gre,nf_nat,nf_nat_ipv4,nf_nat_masquerade_ipv4,nf_conntrack_ipv4,nf_conntrack_pptp
Prep UFW Firewall for GRE
First follow these instructions to enable IP forwarding and ACCEPT rules in UFW. In effect, this boils down to:
1) Edit /etc/default/ufw and change the parameter:
DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY="ACCEPT"
2) Edit /etc/ufw/sysctl.conf and enable by uncommenting:
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
Now we can add NAT rules for GRE tunnel and IP address forwarding to UFW firewall. Edit the file /etc/ufw/before.rules and add this at the very top:
1) Edit /etc/default/ufw and change the parameter:
DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY="ACCEPT"
2) Edit /etc/ufw/sysctl.conf and enable by uncommenting:
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
Now we can add NAT rules for GRE tunnel and IP address forwarding to UFW firewall. Edit the file /etc/ufw/before.rules and add this at the very top:
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
# GRE Tunnel protocol to CISCO Router
-A PREROUTING -i br-ip -p gre -j DNAT --to-destination 10.42.2.204
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.42.2.0/24 -o br-ip -j MASQUERADE
COMMIT
Reload UFW, or preferably, reboot.
Bridge, Tap and VDE setup
All of my Linux virtualization hosts are configured with the primary network adapter bridged to a local bridge into which I bridge in tap adapters and VDE switch plugs to support multiple virtual guests. This is important here because when we set up the NAT rules next, we will be using the bridge interface to NAT the dynamips Cisco router on the Linux host. Here is the script that sets up the bridge, tap and VDE:#!/bin/bash
#
# ---
# bridge-tap-vde-setup.sh
# ---
# Bridge, VDE and Tun/Tap Network Device Setup Script to run emulators.
# Tested on Raspberry Pi Raspbian GNU/Linux 9 armv7l / 4.14.79-v7+
#
# Basically does this:
#
# -------
# |Network|
# |Adapter|
# |eth0 |
# -------
# | ------
# ----------|bridge|
# |br-ip |
# ------
# | --------
# |--------|inettap0| <--> For use by TBD emulator
# | --------
# |
# | ----------
# --------|VDE Switch| (Virtual Distributed Ethernet switch)
# ----------
# |
# | -----------
# |-|vde-ip-tap0| <--> Available to more TBD emulators
# | -----------
# |
# | -----------
# |-|vde-ip-tap1| <--> Available to more TBD emulators
# | -----------
#
# More details:
# http://supratim-sanyal.blogspot.com/2018/10/bionic-beaver-on-zarchitecture-my.html
#
# Licensed under "THE BEER-WARE LICENSE" (Revision 42):
# Supratim Sanyal <https://goo.gl/FqzyBW> wrote this file. As long as
# you retain this notice you can do whatever you want with this stuff.
# If we meet some day, and you think this stuff is worth it, you can buy
# me a beer in return.
# ---
# ---
# Raspbian specific; dhcpcd is disabled as it was getting IP addresses for all taps and vdeplugs
# ---
# ----
# The physical interface that has the IP address which will be moved to a bridge and
# TAP and VDE plug interfaces made available from the bridge
# ----
DEVICE="eth0"
# ----
# No more changes should be required from here
# ----
HOSTIPANDMASK=`ip addr show dev $DEVICE | grep inet | head -1 | cut -f 6 -d " "`
HOSTIP=`echo $HOSTIPANDMASK|cut -f 1 -d "/"`
HOSTNETMASK=`echo $HOSTIPANDMASK|cut -f 2 -d "/"`
HOSTBCASTADDR=`ip addr show dev $DEVICE | grep inet | head -1 | cut -f 8 -d " "`
HOSTDEFAULTGATEWAY=`route -n | grep ^0.0.0.0 | gawk -- '{ print $2 }'`
NETWORK=`ipcalc $HOSTIP/$HOSTNETMASK | grep Network | cut -f 2 -d ":" | cut -f 1 -d "/" | tr -d '[:space:]'`
echo `date` ---- GATHERED INFORMATION -----
echo `date` HOSTIP=$HOSTIP HOSTNETMASK=$HOSTNETMASK NETWORK=$NETWORK HOSTBCASTADDR=$HOSTBCASTADDR HOSTDEFAULTGATEWAY=$HOSTDEFAULTGATEWAY
echo `date` -------------------------------
# ---
# Create a TAP network interface for emulators
# ---
ip tuntap add inettap0 mode tap user localuser
# ---
# Also create a VDE switch with TAP plugs for use by simuators
# ---
#
vde_switch -t vde-ip-tap0 -s /tmp/vde-ip.ctl -m 666 --mgmt /tmp/vde-ip.mgmt --mgmtmode 666 --daemon # spare plug
vde_plug2tap -s /tmp/vde-ip.ctl -m 666 -d vde-ip-tap1 # spare plug
#vde_plug2tap -s /tmp/vde-ip.ctl -m 666 -d vde-ip-tap2 # spare plug
#vde_plug2tap -s /tmp/vde-ip.ctl -m 666 -d vde-ip-tap3 # spare plug
# Create a Bridge
ip link add name br-ip type bridge
brctl stp br-ip on
# Bridge the NIC $DEVICE, the TAP device and VDE Switch TAP0 plug
ip link set $DEVICE master br-ip
ip link set inettap0 master br-ip
ip link set vde-ip-tap0 master br-ip
# Remove default route and move the IP address from $DEVICE to the bridge
ip route delete default via $HOSTDEFAULTGATEWAY dev $DEVICE
ip addr flush dev $DEVICE
ip addr add $HOSTIPANDMASK broadcast $HOSTBCASTADDR dev br-ip
# Bring everything back up
ip link set dev br-ip up
ip link set dev inettap0 up
ip link set vde-ip-tap0 up
ip link set vde-ip-tap1 up
#ip link set vde-ip-tap2 up
#ip link set vde-ip-tap3 up
# Reset the default route via the bridge interface which now has the IP
ip route add default via $HOSTDEFAULTGATEWAY dev br-ip
#echo `date` ---- NETWORK RECONFIGURED, WAITING TO SETTLE DOWN ----
#sleep 30
echo `date` ---- RELOADING UFW ----
ufw reload
sync
echo `date` ---- AFTER BRIDGE AND TAP ----
ip addr
echo `date` --- ROUTE ---
#ip route show
route -n
echo `date` --- BRIDGE ---
brctl show
#echo `date` --- IPTABLES ---
#iptables -L
echo `date` --- UFW ---
ufw status verbose
#echo `date` --- PING TEST ---
#ping -c 5 google.com
echo `date` -------------------------------
# --
# We can now attach simulators
# --
sync
Setting up the Local TAP Adapters
In addition, I created two local tap adapters for the Cisco router's NAT'd IP and standalone DECnet interfaces. The DECnet tap does not need to be connected to anything other than the Cisco router since DECnet will be tunneled over GRE using the NAT'd IP tap. Here is the script that sets up the local tap adapters and enables kernel IP forwarding. This is executed from /etc/rc.local right after the bridge/tap/VDE script above.
#!/bin/bash
# Sets up local taps
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
ip tuntap add ciscotap0 mode tap user localuser # DECnet -> CISCO f0/0
ip tuntap add ciscotap1 mode tap user localuser # IP -> CISCO f0/1
ifconfig ciscotap0 up
ifconfig ciscotap1 10.42.2.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
ufw reload
With the network configuration in place, we can assign a local IP 10.42.2.204 to our dynamips Cisco router and have the NAT iptables rules in UFW "before" configuration forward GRE packets to the Cisco router. Here is a summary of the network setup after a fresh reboot.
# ufw status
Status: active
To Action From
-- ------ ----
22 LIMIT Anywhere
# ip address
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-ip state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:95:11:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: inettap0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-ip state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 06:de:f9:f7:7e:4d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: vde-ip-tap0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br-ip state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 5a:4b:b5:0f:a2:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: vde-ip-tap1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 56:49:97:fa:43:d2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
6: br-ip: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:95:11:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 64.137.160.124/24 brd 64.137.160.255 scope global br-ip
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
7: ciscotap0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 26:bd:89:90:ca:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
8: ciscotap1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether ca:48:59:de:f0:9e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.42.2.1/24 brd 10.42.2.255 scope global ciscotap1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default route.cloudatco 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 br-ip
10.42.2.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ciscotap1
64.137.160.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br-ip
# ip route show
default via 64.137.160.1 dev br-ip
10.42.2.0/24 dev ciscotap1 proto kernel scope link src 10.42.2.1
64.137.160.0/24 dev br-ip proto kernel scope link src 64.137.160.124
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
DNAT gre -- anywhere anywhere to:10.42.2.204
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
MASQUERADE all -- 10.42.2.0/24 anywhere
Setting up dynamips Cisco 7206VXR Routers for DECnet over GRE Tunnel
Router at Tunnel Endpoint
This is a description of one of the GRE tunnel end-points. The other GRE tunnel end-points are configured similarly, with obvious differences in destination IP addresses and their own DECnet and IP addresses etc.Dynagen Configuration (vps4-cisco-7200.ini)
[localhost]
workingdir = /home/localuser/cisco-router/dynagen_data
model = 7200
ghostios = true
sparsemem = true
[[7200]]
image = /home/localuser/cisco-router/images/c7200-jk9o3s-mz.123-15.image
npe = npe-400
ram = 160
idlepc = 0x60743ee8
[[ROUTER R1]]
s1/0 = R2 s1/0
# f0/0 = NIO_linux_eth:vde-dnet-tap0
f0/0 = NIO_tap:ciscotap0
# f0/1 = NIO_linux_eth:inettap0
# f0/1 = NIO_tap:inettap0
f0/1 = NIO_tap:ciscotap1
[[ROUTER R2]]
Startup Scripts
Both dynamips and dynagen run in virtual screen sessions using the "screen" ultility. Here are the two startup scripts.
# ----------run-dynamips-in-screen.sh
#!/bin/bash
if /bin/pidof -x "dynamips" >/dev/null; then
logger "$0: dynamips already running, check screen -r cisco-router"
echo "$0: dynamips already running, check screen -r cisco-router"
echo "screens:"
/usr/bin/screen -ls
exit 0
fi
cd ~/cisco-router/dynamips_data
#ifconfig vde-dnet-tap0 up
screen -S cisco-router -m -d nice -n 6 ionice -c2 dynamips -H 7200
sleep 2
screen -ls
# ---------- run-dynagen-in-screen.sh
#!/bin/bash
if /bin/pidof -x "dynagen" >/dev/null; then
logger "$0: dynagen already running, check screen -r cisco-console"
echo "$0: dynagen already running, check screen -r cisco-console"
echo "screens:"
/usr/bin/screen -ls
exit 0
fi
cd ~/cisco-router/
echo \"list\" to see list of routers
echo \"console R1\" to start xterm console to R1 router
echo OR telnet 10.42.2.204 OR telnet localhost 2000
echo \"start/all\" and \"stop/all\" to start and stop routers
echo \"exit\" also shuts down the routers but does not kill the emulator
echo \"screen -r cisco-router\" and ^C kills the dynamips emulator
screen -S cisco-console -m -d nice -n 6 ionice -c2 dynagen vps4-cisco-7200.ini
sleep 2
screen -ls
Router Configuration (show run)
!
version 12.3
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname CISCO-VPS4
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
enable secret 5 longgarbledstring
enable password redacted
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
!
!
ip name-server 8.8.8.8
ip name-server 8.8.4.4
!
ip cef
ip audit po max-events 100
appletalk routing
!
decnet routing 1.919
decnet node-type routing-iv
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
interface Tunnel1
no ip address
ip mtu 1400
ip tcp adjust-mss 1360
decnet cost 8
decnet hello-timer 3
decnet routing-timer 5
tunnel source FastEthernet0/1
tunnel destination 71.114.22.90
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
appletalk cable-range 10422-10422 10422.205
appletalk zone SANYALnet
decnet cost 8
decnet hello-timer 2
decnet routing-timer 4
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.42.2.204 255.0.0.0
ip broadcast-address 10.255.255.255
duplex half
speed auto
no mop enabled
!
interface Serial1/0
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/1
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/2
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/3
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/4
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/5
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/6
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/7
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
ip default-gateway 10.42.2.1
ip classless
ip default-network 10.0.0.0
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.42.2.1
no ip http server
no ip http secure-server
!
!
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
dialer-list 1 protocol ipx permit
!
appletalk local-routing
decnet host MIM 1.13
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
gatekeeper
shutdown
!
!
line con 0
stopbits 1
line aux 0
stopbits 1
line vty 0 4
password redacted
login
!
!
end
Router interfaces
$ telnet 10.42.2.204
Trying 10.42.2.204...
Connected to 10.42.2.204.
Escape character is '^]'.
User Access Verification
Password:
CISCO-VPS4>enable
Password:
CISCO-VPS4#show int
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is i82543 (Livengood), address is aa00.0400.9707 (bia ca00.0b2d.0008)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX/FX
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input never, output 00:00:01, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
0 watchdog
0 input packets with dribble condition detected
1382 packets output, 89826 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 4 interface resets
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is i82543 (Livengood), address is ca00.0b2d.0006 (bia ca00.0b2d.0006)
Internet address is 10.42.2.204/8
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX/FX
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 1/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 4000 bits/sec, 3 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 5000 bits/sec, 3 packets/sec
1200 packets input, 449672 bytes
Received 5 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
0 watchdog
0 input packets with dribble condition detected
1335 packets output, 754793 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Serial1/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is M8T-X.21
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, crc 16, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Restart-Delay is 0 secs
Last input 00:18:48, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
4 packets input, 404 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 4 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
1 carrier transitions DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is M8T-X.21
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, crc 16, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Restart-Delay is 0 secs
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
1 carrier transitions DCD=down DSR=down DTR=up RTS=up CTS=down
Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is M8T-X.21
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, crc 16, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Restart-Delay is 0 secs
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
1 carrier transitions DCD=down DSR=down DTR=up RTS=up CTS=down
Serial1/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is M8T-X.21
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, crc 16, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Restart-Delay is 0 secs
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
1 carrier transitions DCD=down DSR=down DTR=up RTS=up CTS=down
Serial1/4 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is M8T-X.21
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, crc 16, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Restart-Delay is 0 secs
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
1 carrier transitions DCD=down DSR=down DTR=up RTS=up CTS=down
Serial1/5 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is M8T-X.21
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, crc 16, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Restart-Delay is 0 secs
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
1 carrier transitions DCD=down DSR=down DTR=up RTS=up CTS=down
Serial1/6 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is M8T-X.21
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, crc 16, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Restart-Delay is 0 secs
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
1 carrier transitions DCD=down DSR=down DTR=up RTS=up CTS=down
Serial1/7 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is M8T-X.21
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, crc 16, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Restart-Delay is 0 secs
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
1 carrier transitions DCD=down DSR=down DTR=up RTS=up CTS=down
Tunnel1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Tunnel
MTU 1514 bytes, BW 9 Kbit, DLY 500000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 170/255, rxload 85/255
Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set
Keepalive not set
Tunnel source 10.42.2.204 (FastEthernet0/1), destination 71.114.22.90
Tunnel protocol/transport GRE/IP, key disabled, sequencing disabled
Tunnel TTL 255
Checksumming of packets disabled, fast tunneling enabled
Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:02, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 3000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 6000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
871 packets input, 452898 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
949 packets output, 705533 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
CISCO-VPS4#show ip inter
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet protocol processing disabled
FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 10.42.2.204/8
Broadcast address is 10.255.255.255
Address determined by non-volatile memory
MTU is 1500 bytes
Helper address is not set
Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
Outgoing access list is not set
Inbound access list is not set
Proxy ARP is enabled
Local Proxy ARP is disabled
Security level is default
Split horizon is enabled
ICMP redirects are always sent
ICMP unreachables are always sent
ICMP mask replies are never sent
IP fast switching is enabled
IP fast switching on the same interface is disabled
IP Flow switching is disabled
IP CEF switching is enabled
IP Feature Fast switching turbo vector
IP Feature CEF switching turbo vector
IP multicast fast switching is enabled
IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled
IP route-cache flags are Fast, CEF
Router Discovery is disabled
IP output packet accounting is disabled
IP access violation accounting is disabled
TCP/IP header compression is disabled
RTP/IP header compression is disabled
Policy routing is disabled
Network address translation is disabled
WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled
WCCP Redirect inbound is disabled
WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled
BGP Policy Mapping is disabled
Serial1/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/4 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/5 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/6 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/7 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Tunnel1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet protocol processing disabled
CISCO-VPS4#show appletalk int
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
AppleTalk cable range is 10422-10422
AppleTalk address is 10422.205, Valid
AppleTalk zone is "SANYALnet"
AppleTalk address gleaning is disabled
AppleTalk route cache is enabled
FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
AppleTalk protocol processing disabled
Serial1/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
AppleTalk protocol processing disabled
Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
AppleTalk protocol processing disabled
Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down
AppleTalk protocol processing disabled
Serial1/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down
AppleTalk protocol processing disabled
Serial1/4 is administratively down, line protocol is down
AppleTalk protocol processing disabled
Serial1/5 is administratively down, line protocol is down
AppleTalk protocol processing disabled
Serial1/6 is administratively down, line protocol is down
AppleTalk protocol processing disabled
Serial1/7 is administratively down, line protocol is down
AppleTalk protocol processing disabled
Tunnel1 is up, line protocol is up
AppleTalk protocol processing disabled
CISCO-VPS4#show decnet int
Global DECnet parameters for network 0:
Local address is 1.919, node type is routing-iv
Nearest Level-2 router is 1.579
Maximum node is 1023, maximum area is 63, maximum visits is 63
Maximum paths is 1, path split mode is normal
Local maximum cost is 1022, maximum hops is 30
Area maximum cost is 1022, maximum hops is 30
Static routes *NOT* being sent in routing updates
Cluster-alias routes *NOT* being sent in routing updates
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up, encapsulation is ARPA
Interface cost is 8, priority is 64, DECnet network: 0
We are the designated router
Sending HELLOs every 2 seconds, routing updates 4 seconds
PhaseIV VAX cluster hold time is 300 seconds
Smallest router blocksize seen is 1498 bytes
Routing input list is not set, output list is not set
Access list is not set
DECnet fast switching is enabled
Number of L1 router adjacencies is : 0
Number of L2 router adjacencies is : 0
Number of non-PhaseIV+ router adjacencies is : 0
Number of PhaseIV+ router adjacencies is : 0
FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up, encapsulation is ARPA
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/4 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/5 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/6 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/7 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Tunnel1 is up, line protocol is up, encapsulation is TUNNEL
Interface cost is 8, priority is 64, DECnet network: 0
The designated router is 1.579
Sending HELLOs every 3 seconds, routing updates 5 seconds
PhaseIV VAX cluster hold time is 300 seconds
Smallest router blocksize seen is 1498 bytes
Routing input list is not set, output list is not set
Access list is not set
DECnet fast switching is enabled
Number of L1 router adjacencies is : 1
Number of L2 router adjacencies is : 0
Number of non-PhaseIV+ router adjacencies is : 0
Number of PhaseIV+ router adjacencies is : 1
DECnet Route and Neighbors
CISCO-VPS4#show decnet route
Node Cost Hops Next Hop to Node Expires Prio
*(Area) 8 1 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*MIM 11 3 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.15 14 4 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.21 14 4 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.152 14 4 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.250 14 4 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.253 14 4 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.301 14 4 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.550 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.551 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.552 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.553 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.554 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.555 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.556 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.557 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.558 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.559 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.570 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.571 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.572 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.573 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.578 11 3 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.579 8 1 Tunnel1 -> 1.579 5 64 V+
*1.601 18 5 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.602 15 4 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.605 18 5 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.610 18 5 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.620 18 5 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.740 14 4 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.742 14 4 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.747 14 4 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.748 14 4 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.750 11 3 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.770 14 4 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.771 14 4 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.790 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.791 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.794 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.915 10 2 Tunnel1 -> 1.579
*1.919 0 0 (Local) -> 1.919
CISCO-VPS4#show decnet neigh
Net Node Interface MAC address Flags
0 1.579 Tunnel1 0000.0000.0000 V
And finally, here is a section of tshark showing the traffic on the tap adapter that the Cisco router is connected to:
$ tshark -i ciscotap1
Capturing on 'ciscotap1'
1 0.000000000 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
2 0.010244129 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
3 1.255455372 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
4 1.255474067 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
5 1.980104275 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
6 4.305465162 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
7 4.305927990 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
8 4.992895607 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
9 5.003158079 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
10 5.013470766 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
11 5.024216726 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
12 5.680566436 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
13 5.680590979 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
14 7.998893518 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
15 8.998245661 ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 → ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 LOOP 60 Reply
16 10.009636083 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
17 10.019839161 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
18 10.070231673 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
19 10.070252853 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
20 10.988181697 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
21 11.553758599 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
22 11.553794355 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
23 11.553835386 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
24 13.996455811 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
25 14.562071262 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
26 14.562090999 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
27 15.010424154 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
28 15.020705509 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
29 15.030982401 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
30 17.001990425 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
31 18.995731534 ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 → ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 LOOP 60 Reply
32 19.019175742 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
33 19.019194256 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
34 19.019201092 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
35 19.019207379 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
36 19.992366335 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
37 20.008291743 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
38 20.018516284 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
39 22.997585210 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
40 23.627106890 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
41 23.627125349 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
42 24.026321306 ca:48:59:de:f0:9e → ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 ARP 42 Who has 10.42.2.204? Tell 10.42.2.1
43 24.030500265 ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 → ca:48:59:de:f0:9e ARP 60 10.42.2.204 is at ca:00:0b:2d:00:06
44 25.009808182 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
45 25.021018991 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
46 25.032683341 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
47 26.008328765 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
48 26.543406661 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
49 26.543560700 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
50 27.982440383 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
51 27.982462059 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
52 29.002420586 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
53 29.012671361 ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 → ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 LOOP 60 Reply
54 29.995583950 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
55 30.008222753 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
56 31.983114902 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
57 32.414551636 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
58 32.414568952 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
59 33.943888516 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
60 33.943910935 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
61 33.943923202 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
62 35.001442315 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
63 35.011641874 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
64 35.021859556 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
65 35.033380852 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
66 36.954632224 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
67 36.954649859 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
68 38.000891414 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
69 39.019368280 ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 → ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 LOOP 60 Reply
70 39.993480364 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
71 40.003707088 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
72 40.992456396 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
73 41.465544624 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
74 41.465563272 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
75 41.465573218 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
76 41.465580377 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
77 43.999177660 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
78 44.989366697 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
79 44.999788934 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
80 45.010053625 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
81 45.937675757 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
82 45.937696001 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
83 47.003696897 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
84 48.850238460 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
85 48.850258954 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
86 49.021398435 ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 → ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 LOOP 60 Reply
87 49.997432676 ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 → CDP/VTP/DTP/PAgP/UDLD CDP 376 Device ID: CISCO-VPS4 Port ID: FastEthernet0/1
88 50.008011229 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
89 50.018237231 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
90 50.028407881 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
91 50.137707070 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
92 50.137725521 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
93 50.938322858 ca:48:59:de:f0:9e → ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 ARP 42 Who has 10.42.2.204? Tell 10.42.2.1
94 50.940299813 ca:00:0b:2d:00:06 → ca:48:59:de:f0:9e ARP 60 10.42.2.204 is at ca:00:0b:2d:00:06
95 53.007707715 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
96 54.681849425 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
97 54.681875191 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
98 55.005911408 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
99 55.016207497 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
100 55.026565784 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
101 55.990359246 10.42.2.204 → 71.114.22.90 GRE 74 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
102 56.066812388 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
103 56.066833226 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 794 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
104 56.066839699 71.114.22.90 → 10.42.2.204 GRE 1474 Encapsulated 0x6003 (unknown)
^C104 packets captured
CISCO GRE DECNet TUNNEL: A COMPLETE EXAMPLE
Here is another complete example of setting up a DECnet GRE tunnel between two Cisco routers. In this example, the local router at which we are executing the following commands has a NAT IP address of 10.42.2.204, and is NAT'd behind a Internet-facing gateway. The local DECnet address is 1.910, and the remote DECnet address is 1.919. We setup "tunnel0" to the remote router visible over the internet at 45.62.248.66. We can then successfully communicate with 1.919 over DECnet tunneled over GRE.FastEthernet0/0 is connected to the DECnet-only network. FastEthernet0/1 is connected to the internet via the NAT host. DECnet and internet access are already verified to be working before configuring this tunnel.
Both are dynamips-emulated routers residing inside Ubuntu linux servers which have been configured to support GRE and NAT forwarding as described above.
In addition, we configure the NTP server on this router to keep and serve accurate time before exiting.
$ telnet 10.42.2.204
Trying 10.42.2.204...
Connected to 10.42.2.204.
Escape character is '^]'.
User Access Verification
Password:
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>en
Password:
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#config term
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
CISCO-VPS4(config)#
CISCO-VPS4(config)#
CISCO-VPS4(config)#interface tunnel0
CISCO-VPS4(config-if)#description GRE tunnel for testing and experimentation
CISCO-VPS4(config-if)#no ip address
CISCO-VPS4(config-if)#logging event subif-link-status
CISCO-VPS4(config-if)#decnet cost 20
CISCO-VPS4(config-if)#decnet routing-timer 5
CISCO-VPS4(config-if)#decnet hello-timer 3
CISCO-VPS4(config-if)#tunnel source f0/1
CISCO-VPS4(config-if)#tunnel destination 45.62.248.66 !Cloud VPS 3
CISCO-VPS4(config-if)#tunnel path-mtu-discovery
CISCO-VPS4(config-if)#
CISCO-VPS4(config-if)#end
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#write mem
Building configuration...
[OK]
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#show int tunnel0
Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Tunnel
Description: GRE tunnel for testing and experimentation
MTU 1514 bytes, BW 9 Kbit, DLY 500000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set
Keepalive not set
Tunnel source 10.42.2.204 (FastEthernet0/1), destination 45.62.248.66
Tunnel protocol/transport GRE/IP, key disabled, sequencing disabled
Tunnel TTL 255
Checksumming of packets disabled, fast tunneling enabled
Path MTU Discovery, ager 10 mins, min MTU 92, MTU 0, expires never
Last input never, output 00:00:01, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
15 packets output, 795 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#show decnet
Global DECnet parameters for network 0:
Local address is 1.910, node type is routing-iv
Nearest Level-2 router is NONE
Maximum node is 1023, maximum area is 63, maximum visits is 63
Maximum paths is 1, path split mode is normal
Local maximum cost is 1022, maximum hops is 30
Area maximum cost is 1022, maximum hops is 30
Static routes *NOT* being sent in routing updates
Cluster-alias routes *NOT* being sent in routing updates
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#show ip
% Incomplete command.
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#show ip int
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet protocol processing disabled
FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 10.42.2.204/8
Broadcast address is 10.255.255.255
Address determined by non-volatile memory
MTU is 1500 bytes
Helper address is not set
Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
Outgoing access list is not set
Inbound access list is not set
Proxy ARP is enabled
Local Proxy ARP is disabled
Security level is default
Split horizon is enabled
ICMP redirects are always sent
ICMP unreachables are always sent
ICMP mask replies are never sent
IP fast switching is enabled
IP fast switching on the same interface is disabled
IP Flow switching is disabled
IP CEF switching is enabled
IP Feature Fast switching turbo vector
IP Feature CEF switching turbo vector
IP multicast fast switching is enabled
IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled
IP route-cache flags are Fast, CEF
Router Discovery is disabled
IP output packet accounting is disabled
IP access violation accounting is disabled
TCP/IP header compression is disabled
RTP/IP header compression is disabled
Policy routing is disabled
Network address translation is disabled
WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled
WCCP Redirect inbound is disabled
WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled
BGP Policy Mapping is disabled
Serial1/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/4 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/5 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/6 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/7 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet protocol processing disabled
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#show decnet int
Global DECnet parameters for network 0:
Local address is 1.910, node type is routing-iv
Nearest Level-2 router is NONE
Maximum node is 1023, maximum area is 63, maximum visits is 63
Maximum paths is 1, path split mode is normal
Local maximum cost is 1022, maximum hops is 30
Area maximum cost is 1022, maximum hops is 30
Static routes *NOT* being sent in routing updates
Cluster-alias routes *NOT* being sent in routing updates
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up, encapsulation is ARPA
Interface cost is 20, priority is 64, DECnet network: 0
We are the designated router
Sending HELLOs every 2 seconds, routing updates 4 seconds
PhaseIV VAX cluster hold time is 300 seconds
Smallest router blocksize seen is 1498 bytes
Routing input list is not set, output list is not set
Access list is not set
DECnet fast switching is enabled
Number of L1 router adjacencies is : 0
Number of L2 router adjacencies is : 0
Number of non-PhaseIV+ router adjacencies is : 0
Number of PhaseIV+ router adjacencies is : 0
FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up, encapsulation is ARPA
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/4 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/5 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/6 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/7 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up, encapsulation is TUNNEL
Interface cost is 20, priority is 64, DECnet network: 0
Sending HELLOs every 3 seconds, routing updates 5 seconds
PhaseIV VAX cluster hold time is 300 seconds
Smallest router blocksize seen is 1498 bytes
Routing input list is not set, output list is not set
Access list is not set
DECnet fast switching is enabled
Number of L1 router adjacencies is : 0
Number of L2 router adjacencies is : 0
Number of non-PhaseIV+ router adjacencies is : 0
Number of PhaseIV+ router adjacencies is : 0
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4# ! ---------------
CISCO-VPS4# ! BRINGING THE OTHER TUNNEL END-POINT UP NOW
CISCO-VPS4# ! ---------------
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#show clock
*18:31:11.671 UTC Wed Feb 20 2019
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>show clock
*18:44:48.515 UTC Wed Feb 20 2019
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>! --
CISCO-VPS4>! TUNNEL ON OTHER SIDE IS NOW CONFIGURED (on VPS 3)
CISCO-VPS4>! --
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>show int tunnel0
Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Tunnel
Description: GRE tunnel for testing and experimentation
MTU 1514 bytes, BW 9 Kbit, DLY 500000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 141/255, rxload 113/255
Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set
Keepalive not set
Tunnel source 10.42.2.204 (FastEthernet0/1), destination 45.62.248.66
Tunnel protocol/transport GRE/IP, key disabled, sequencing disabled
Tunnel TTL 255
Checksumming of packets disabled, fast tunneling enabled
Path MTU Discovery, ager 10 mins, min MTU 92, MTU 0, expires never
Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:01, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 4000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 5000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
618 packets input, 317086 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
644 packets output, 338314 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>show ip int
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet protocol processing disabled
FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 10.42.2.204/8
Broadcast address is 10.255.255.255
Address determined by non-volatile memory
MTU is 1500 bytes
Helper address is not set
Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
Outgoing access list is not set
Inbound access list is not set
Proxy ARP is enabled
Local Proxy ARP is disabled
Security level is default
Split horizon is enabled
ICMP redirects are always sent
ICMP unreachables are always sent
ICMP mask replies are never sent
IP fast switching is enabled
IP fast switching on the same interface is disabled
IP Flow switching is disabled
IP CEF switching is enabled
IP Feature Fast switching turbo vector
IP Feature CEF switching turbo vector
IP multicast fast switching is enabled
IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled
IP route-cache flags are Fast, CEF
Router Discovery is disabled
IP output packet accounting is disabled
IP access violation accounting is disabled
TCP/IP header compression is disabled
RTP/IP header compression is disabled
Policy routing is disabled
Network address translation is disabled
WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled
WCCP Redirect inbound is disabled
WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled
BGP Policy Mapping is disabled
Serial1/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/4 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/5 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/6 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Serial1/7 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Internet protocol processing disabled
Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet protocol processing disabled
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>show decnet int
Global DECnet parameters for network 0:
Local address is 1.910, node type is routing-iv
Nearest Level-2 router is 1.919
Maximum node is 1023, maximum area is 63, maximum visits is 63
Maximum paths is 1, path split mode is normal
Local maximum cost is 1022, maximum hops is 30
Area maximum cost is 1022, maximum hops is 30
Static routes *NOT* being sent in routing updates
Cluster-alias routes *NOT* being sent in routing updates
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up, encapsulation is ARPA
Interface cost is 20, priority is 64, DECnet network: 0
We are the designated router
Sending HELLOs every 2 seconds, routing updates 4 seconds
PhaseIV VAX cluster hold time is 300 seconds
Smallest router blocksize seen is 1498 bytes
Routing input list is not set, output list is not set
Access list is not set
DECnet fast switching is enabled
Number of L1 router adjacencies is : 0
Number of L2 router adjacencies is : 0
Number of non-PhaseIV+ router adjacencies is : 0
Number of PhaseIV+ router adjacencies is : 0
FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up, encapsulation is ARPA
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/2 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/3 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/4 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/5 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/6 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Serial1/7 is administratively down, line protocol is down, encapsulation is HDLC
DECnet protocol processing not enabled
Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up, encapsulation is TUNNEL
Interface cost is 20, priority is 64, DECnet network: 0
The designated router is 1.919
Sending HELLOs every 3 seconds, routing updates 5 seconds
PhaseIV VAX cluster hold time is 300 seconds
Smallest router blocksize seen is 1498 bytes
Routing input list is not set, output list is not set
Access list is not set
DECnet fast switching is enabled
Number of L1 router adjacencies is : 1
Number of L2 router adjacencies is : 0
Number of non-PhaseIV+ router adjacencies is : 0
Number of PhaseIV+ router adjacencies is : 1
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>! -- ^^^ 1.919 is on the other end of the tunnel (on VPS3) --
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>show decnet neigh
Net Node Interface MAC address Flags
0 1.919 Tunnel0 0000.0000.0000 V
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>! -- ^^^ 1.919 is on the other end of the tunnel (on VPS3) --
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>show decnet route
Node Cost Hops Next Hop to Node Expires Prio
*(Area) 20 1 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*MIM 41 3 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.15 44 4 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.21 44 4 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.152 44 4 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.250 44 4 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.253 44 4 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.301 44 4 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.550 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.551 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.552 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.553 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.554 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.555 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.556 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.557 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.558 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.559 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.570 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.571 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.572 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.573 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.578 41 3 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.579 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.601 48 5 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.602 45 4 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.605 48 5 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.610 48 5 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.620 48 5 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.740 44 4 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.742 44 4 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.747 44 4 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.748 44 4 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.750 41 3 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.770 44 4 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.771 44 4 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.790 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.791 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.794 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.910 0 0 (Local) -> 1.910
*1.915 40 2 Tunnel0 -> 1.919
*1.919 20 1 Tunnel0 -> 1.919 9 64 V+
CISCO-VPS4>! -- ^^^ 1.919 is on the other end of the tunnel (on VPS3) --
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>! -- configure NTP --
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>
CISCO-VPS4>en
Password:
CISCO-VPS4#config term
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
CISCO-VPS4(config)#
CISCO-VPS4(config)#
CISCO-VPS4(config)#ntp master
CISCO-VPS4(config)#ntp server 132.163.97.3
CISCO-VPS4(config)#ntp server 132.163.97.2
CISCO-VPS4(config)#ntp server 132.163.97.4
CISCO-VPS4(config)#ntp server 129.6.15.30
CISCO-VPS4(config)#ntp server 129.6.15.29
CISCO-VPS4(config)#ntp server 129.6.15.27
CISCO-VPS4(config)#
CISCO-VPS4(config)#end
CISCO-VPS4#write mem
Building configuration...
[OK]
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#show ntp status
Clock is synchronized, stratum 2, reference is 132.163.97.2
nominal freq is 250.0000 Hz, actual freq is 250.0000 Hz, precision is 2**18
reference time is E0181FBA.50A7E9C6 (18:49:30.315 UTC Wed Feb 20 2019)
clock offset is 123.4686 msec, root delay is 104.31 msec
root dispersion is 533.52 msec, peer dispersion is 405.08 msec
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#show ntp assoc
address ref clock st when poll reach delay offset disp
~132.163.97.3 0.0.0.0 16 - 64 0 0.0 0.00 16000.
-~132.163.97.2 .NIST. 1 18 64 334 104.1 127.96 386.3
+~132.163.97.4 .NIST. 1 6 64 367 64.0 108.58 3.5
~127.127.7.1 127.127.7.1 7 4 64 377 0.0 0.00 0.0
-~129.6.15.30 .NIST. 1 18 64 20 60.0 126.04 16000.
*~129.6.15.29 .NIST. 1 12 64 275 36.0 107.80 5.0
+~129.6.15.27 .NIST. 1 13 64 131 56.1 110.82 380.3
* master (synced), # master (unsynced), + selected, - candidate, ~ configured
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#
CISCO-VPS4#write mem
Building configuration...
[OK]
CISCO-VPS4#logout
Connection closed by foreign host.
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